Very quickly, and with significant force. Early versions of center-lock wheels were just hit with a soft-blow hammer to tighten or loosen them, hence their colloquial name, “knock-offs.”
Newer hex-shaped versions are mounted, or removed, via an impact wrench, also known as a “wheel gun” in racing. Basically, they make cool zip-zip sounds and the nut is tightened or loosened with a specified amount of repeatable force. You can do that yourself with an impact wrench or in a less dramatic fashion by using a very long-handled torque wrench.
